BEAULIEU Clara

Notes:

Died in infancy

Notes:

Superintendent of logging at Bena, MN
Chas. H. Beaulieu was the captain in Co. G. 9th Minnesota Infantry.

Clement H. Beaulieu had been associated in business with his son
Charles H. Beaulieu but now he bought out his son's interest for two
thousand dollars and four days later, he sold it to Theodore Borup of
St. Paul for three thousand dollars. He tranferred all of his Crow
Wing real estate to Charles H. Beaulieu for fifteen thousand dollars.
In 1868, he mortgaged all his household goods to Clement H. Beaulieu,
Junior, for five hundred dollars, and his livestock to F. W. Peake,
for two hundred dollars. His career as an independent merchant in
Crow Wing ended, but after moving to White Earth, he became
interested again as a merchant.

Captain married SMITH Jennie before 1901. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Indian Name: Gay-Bah-Ke-Wen-Zie

Came to Minnesota in 1837 to found for the American Fur company, a
permanent trading-post for the fur trade with the Indians at the slit
mouth of the Crow Wing River.

Clement H. Beaulieu

Posted by Dick Campbell on Fri, 18 Jun 1999

Col. Clement H. Beaulieu, Sr., or, as his friends delighted to call
him, "Uncle Clem," was born at Lac du Flambeaux, in the then
territory of Michigan, which included Wisconsin, Minnesota and a
large portion of territory west of the Mississippi, on Sept. 10,
1811. A pioneer, a statesman and an individual of marked
characteristics, being born in a period when the West and Northwest
was, comparatively speaking, a howling wilderness and barbaric Eden
of the untutored red man, his father, Bazil Hudon de Beaulieu, having
emigrated from Canada in the year 1804, and who was actively engaged
in the fur trade of the Northwest for many years, and in which
business Mr. C. H. Beaulieu, Sr., became early engaged in the Lake
Superior region and other points east and west of the headquarters of
the Mississippi, especially in the vicinity of La Pointe, Wis., and
at Crow Wing, Minn. At the latter place at one time he owned and
conducted the most thriving trade and enjoyed the pleasantest home in
Minnesota, under the warm hospitality of its roof and from the bounty
of its board no friend or stranger ever turned away hungry, nor felt
touched by the chill of discourtesy.

Mr. Beaulieu was of mixed French and Algic Indian blood, being
descended on his father's side from the chivalrous de Beaulieus of
France, and the most distinguished totem, or clan of the Ojibwa
nation, members of whose family have been chiefs and princesses from
time immemorial, and the principles and persuasive influences of both
races were happily continued in the life and nature of Mr. Beaulieu,
and it was owing to the implicit faith that the Indians cherished in
his word and wisdom that he was a power amongst them, and true it is,
that many serious collisions have been averted between the Chippewa
Indians of Minnesota and their white neighbors, owing to his timely
councils, and today, these people not only can thank his aggressive
forethought and wisdom for their heritage to homes on the White Earth
Reservation, but the further significant fact that no stain of the
white man's blood rests on the hands of the Chippewas of Minnesota.

He was married to Miss Elizabeth Farling, a daughter of one of the
early Scotch missionaries, in 1840, celebrating midst the
surroundings of a large family of children and grandchildren their
golden wedding, some three years ago.

----------------
THE SEER OF MINNESOTA'S VENERABLE PIONEERS IS DEAD!
Clement Hudon de Beaulieu, more familiarly known as Col. C. H.
Beaulieu, of White Earth, this county, died on the morning of Monday,
2d of Jan., 1893, after a short illness of some eight days. Mr.
Beaulieu, who was a very active man for one so advanced in years, met
with a very serious accident a few days ago, having broken his leg,
and which culminated in his death. His wife survives him, and also
five sons, Capt. Chas. H., Rev. C. H., Jr., Gus. H., Theo. B., Robt.
G. and one daughter, Mrs. Theo. H. Beaulieu. - Detroit Record
------------------------

The Bio of Clement H. Beauliu is a direct quote from the 1907 book by
Alvin H. Willcox, "A Pioneer History of Becker County Minnesota."
Chapter XVIII,
page 258-259.

------------------------

As we have reported, Clement H. Beaulieu is first listed as
establishing a trading post near Crow Wing River in 1838, but the
census of 1840 gives La Pointe as Beaulieu's residence. He was listed
as Justice of the peace in La Pointe County in 1848. Besides, his
son, Reverend C. H. Beaulieu claims that his father moved to Crow
Wing at the time the Government was building Fort Gaines. It is thus
more probable that 1849 was the date of his final arrival in Crow
Wing as a permanent resident.

In order to be independent of military regulations, Beaulieu decided
to build off the reservation and settle opposite the north mouth of
Crow Wing River. He moved in with a large force of loggers, sawyers,
and carpenters and erected a group of post buildings, "one of which
was a large two-storied log building clapboarded outside and ceiled
within and designed for his residence." Outside on the three sides
were wigwams of the Indians. To the north, were Indian burial
grounds. 44

Eventually, Clement Beaulieu purchased the building of Pierre
Chouteau Company. He formed a partnership with John Fairbanks and the
firm of Beaulieu and Fairbanks became the principal supplier of all
Chippewa Indian Posts. One source claims that at one time Allan
Morrison worked for Clem Beaulieu as clerk. Peltries were still sent
to St. Louis, but Crow Wing became known as an out-fitting place. 45
For this trade the geographical location of Crow Wing was excellent.
It was on the Red River ox cart trail and wagon trail. It was in the
heart of the great Chippewa country.

44. Zapffe. It Happended Here, Brainerd, Minnesota, p. 9.

45. Brainerd Dispatch, April 18, 1918.

Speaking of Crow Wing:
Of the houses left in the old settlement, many were destroyed by
fire. One half of the Clement Beaulieu home was moved to the old Jean
Branchaud farm in Morrison County. It is well know today as the house
at the south entrance of Camp Ripley on Highway 371.

Col. married FARLING Elizabeth on 05 Dec 1837 in WI. Elizabeth (daughter of FARLING James and FRASER Nancy-Anne) was born on 15 Dec 1816 in Drummond Island, Chippewa Co., MI; died on 14 Feb 1903 in White Earth, Becker Co., MN. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

In 1827 had residence at Mackinaw Mission School - Mackinac Island.

Herman married BEECHER Gilette. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Occupation: Managed (W/ Paul) Fur Trading Post @ Lac-Du-Flambeau, WI

3/16 Ojibwe

Basile H. Beauleu (son of Nicolas Basile Hudon Beauleu and Josette
Miville) came from Montreal, P. Q. Canada with his brother Paul to
Lac-du-Flambeau, Wisconsin about 1804. Voyageur with the North West
Fur Company, 1804-1805, Flambeau, Minnesota. Basile and his brother
Paul managed the Fur Trading Post at Lac-du-Flambeau, WI. In 1818
Basile is listed among the "Roster of Employees" of the American Fur
Company. Basile (Bazile) was listed by the North West Fur Company in
1805 in the Lac du Flambeau department with one year to serve on his
contract and a crdit of 16 livre on his account. He was hired by the
Michilimackinac Company on 9 July 1810 to winter at Lac du Flambeau
for 700 livre.(p. 33)19 The town of Beauleu, Mahnomen County,
Minnesota was named after the descendants of Basile and his Ojiway
wife. Basile H. Beauleu married in 1810 in Wisconsin an Indian Maiden
named O-Ge-mau-gee-shi-go-qua, which means Queen of the Skies, but
was called Marguerite Beauleu. (She was the daughter of the Indian
Chief, White Raven.) It is believed that Basile H. Beauleu died in
1838 and is buried in the Beauleu burial grounds at La Pointe,
Madeleine Island, Wisconsin.

Resided at Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin Territory with the Northwest
Fur Co. in 1804. Emigrated from canada at that time.
His family came to America from France in 1764, being royalists in
the old country, and for meritourious services rendered to their
sovereign, "De Beaulieu" was added to their family name of "Hudon".

Bazil H. Beaulieu

Posted by Dick Campbell on Fri, 18 Jun 1999

The following is a quote from Alvin H. Wilcox's 1907 book "A Pioneer
History of Becker County Minnesota" Chapter XVIII, pages 260-261:

Among Mrs. West's papers I came across the following clipping from
the Detroit Record of January 27th, 1893:

Mr. Basil H. Beaulieu, an old and respected pioneer of Wisconsin and
Minnesota, has been commissioned by the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs a judge of the court of Indian offenses at this agency. Mr.
Beaulieu was tendered his commission and officially notified of his
appointment by Agent C. A. Ruffee on Monday. He is the proud
possessor of a document sear and yellow with age, it being one of the
three justice of peace commissions issued by the first territorial
governor of Wisconsin, Mr. Beaulieu being one of the three persons
appointed to execute the duties of that then honorable position, his
field being Brown County, in 1836.

As the name, Bazil H. Beaulieu, was identical with that of the Bazil
H. Beaulieu who came from Montreal in 1804, and believing that in
1836 he would be too young a man for the Bazil H. Beaulieu of 1804, I
wrote to Theodore H. Beaulieu of White Earth for information, and
received the following reply:

White Earth, Minn., Oct. 23, 1905.

HON. A. H. WILCOX
FRAZEE, MINN.,
My Dear Sir:
Replying to yours of the 16th inst., concerning the identity of Bazil
H. Beaulieu, who came from Montreal, Canada, and settled at Lac du
Flambeau, Wis., the then territory of Michigan, in 1804, etc., you
are respectfully informed that this person was my father's uncle and
a granduncle of mine. There were two brothers, Paul and Bazil Hudon
de Beaulieu. Paul was my father's father and my grandfather; Bazil
Hudon de Beaulieu was the father of the late Col. Clement H., Paul
H., Henry H. Beaulieu, and was also the father of Mrs. Catherine
Beaulieu Fairbanks (Mrs. Robert Fairbanks), Mrs. Margaret Beaulieu
Bisson (Mrs. Martin Bisson), Mrs. Gustave Borup, deceased, and Mrs.
Julia Beaulieu Oakes; the latter being the only surviving child of
the said Bazil Hudon de Beaulieu. She is at present at this agency
and is now 94 years of age, and still hale and hearty. My father, the
late Bazil H. Beaulieu, the second, was the only son of Paul Hudon de
Beaulieu, and is the person referred to in the clipping. My grand
uncle Bazil was stationed at Lac du Flambeau as an Indian trader, and
my grandfather Paul was at Vermillion Lake and also Red Cedar (now
Cass Lake), some time between 1830 or 1840 (I am not clear as to
date.) My grandfather removed to Navareno (now Green Bay, Wis.), and
settled there. Later on he purchased large tracts of land, as also
the old Stockbridge agency sawmill and grist-mill from the Government
on the south side of the Fox River and where is now built the
flourishing city of Kaukauna, Wis. Sometime about 1848 my father also
removed to Green Bay, and on the death of my grandfather he fell heir
to all of the property, he being the only child. Our family removed
from Kaukauna, Wis., about 26 years ago and settled at White Earth,
Minn. Both my grandfather and grandmother are buried at the old
French or mission cemetery at Green Bay, Wis. My mother and father
sleep in St. Benedict's mission cemetery, White Earth, Minn.

Appreciating the interest you manifest in the history of the sturdy
pioneers, who braved the wild and woolly days of your, and helped to
carve the crude paths of this grand commonwealth, I have the honor,
dear sir, to remain,

Very respectfully,
Theo H. Beaulieu

__________

The name "Beaulieu" was a nickname give to Pierre which would be Bazile's Grandfather. When in France - Pierre lived by a forest and the nickname had something to do with reference to that. I found some paperwork in French and had it translated by a man in Canada who was fluent in French.

The cemetery that Bazile is buried in - is in Madeline Island and it isn't the "Beaulieu Burial Ground" there are other catholics buried there. Bazile died 9/9/1938.

When Bazile, Paul and Roman came to the US - they went to Madeline Island. There are miles between Lac du Flambeau and Madeline Island. After Bazile and O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe were married - they went to Sault St Marie and Lac du Flambeau. I even had the chance to hold and open his "Money Box" - it is in good condition and I was trilled to hold it. I don't know where the name Racine name came from. When I went to Wisconsin - others out there didn't know where it came from either. She did have an Aunt who changed her name to "Marguerite"

The Bazile Beaulieu that was in Brown County, Wis - was Bazile's nephew. His dad is Bazile's brother Paul Orde Hudon Beaulieu.

The cemetery St Benedicts is also called Calvary - it is a Catholic cemetery in White Earth. Paul H Beaulieu - son of Bazile and O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe is buried there. There is a black fense are it and nephew and nieces are buried in that fenced area. Maria - Paul's wife is said to be buried in there without a head stone but I haven't spoken to a Sector yet to see what the records state.

O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe is buried in a hillside with no marker and the area is not taken care of. There is a well kept cemetery by where she is suppose to be buried by. It is believed that Hole in the Day is also buried in that hill side. Hole in the Day shot and killed O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe's daughter in law's Maria Margaret Fairbanks Beaulieu's brother. It is also rumored that O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe's grandson Colonel Clement Hudon Beaulieu killed Hole in the Day as retaliation but stories are that Hole in the Day's band members killed him. It will never be known who really killed Hole in the Day.

Julie Beaulieu

____________

Growing up on the Rez - we never knew about how relocation happened. We heard about the Cherokees and Sioux. In Red Lake we had a relocation program and we thought it was Indians in the 1950s going to cities to find jobs through the Aid of the BIA. I never thought that the Beaulieu's were on 3 removal orders almost 4.

1st with Madeline Island - because of the copper find.

2 from Sandy Lake/Lake Vermillion because of the massacre.

3 from Crow Wing because James Hill wanted the land for the railroad - since you are so close - it may be a nice ride to Crow Wing State Park - that was the Rez until James Hill took it. There are signs that will tell you where certain buildings were and Colonel Clement Beaulieu's house was re-eracted there. I knew about where O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikew was buried and when I seen it - it broke my heart. To think that this woman was responsible for populating northern Minnesota with Beaulieu's and their descendants and she's resting in overgrowth of weeds while the cemetery she is by - is well cared for.

4 when some of the Beaulieu's started to revolt against the Govt and the way they treated Natives and now they were educated to fight the fight - they received removal orders from White Earth until they proved through documentation where they had to choose what Rez they wanted to be recognized by - since Madeline Island was no more - they had no choice but to pick White Earth since everyone they ever knew was there. The Warrens, Caddotes and Beaulieu's were all shoved to White Earth even thought they were close by Lac du Flambeau, Red Cliff, Fond du Lac, etc.

Julie Beaulieu

Died:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GScid=1982461&GRid=11059040&

Bazile married Skies) Margaret Racine (O-ge-mau-gee-shi-go-quay) (Queen of the in 1810 in Lac de Flambeau, Oneida Co., WI. Margaret (daughter of Crow) Waub-ish-gaug-aug-e (White Raven or White and Waub-Ish-Gaug-Aug-E) was born about 1790 in WI; died in 1860 in Crow Wing, MN. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Baptized as Marguerite Racine.

Marguerite Beauleu was born an Indian Maiden named O-Ge-mau-gee-shi-
go-qua, which means Queen of the Skies, but was baptized Margaret
Racine. (She was the daughter of the Indian Chief, White Raven.)

Marguerite Beauleu was born in 1790 in Wisconsin. The St. Croix, WI
census of 1840 says: Living with a son Clement H. Beauleu a female
age 50. The census of Crow Wing Village, Crow County, Minnesota of
1860: Dwelling #1 Clement H. Beauleu (her son) age 50 in same house
Marguerite Beauleu age 70, a female Indian, born in Wisconsin.
Marguerite Beauleu died in 1860 in Minnesota. Basile Hudon Beauleu
and Marguerite Beauleu had nine children.

Died:
She was buried in StFrancis Assisi, Crow Wing, Crow Wing, Minnesota. She has reference number 813sx.

O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe is buried in a hillside with no marker and the area is not taken care of. There is a well kept cemetery by where she is suppose to be buried by. It is believed that Hole in the Day is also buried in that hill side. Hole in the Day shot and killed O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe's daughter in law's Maria Margaret Fairbanks Beaulieu's brother. It is also rumored that O Gii Maa Gee Zhi Go Ikwe's grandson Colonel Clement Hudon Beaulieu killed Hole in the Day as retaliation but stories are that Hole in the Day's band members killed him. It will never be known who really killed Hole in the Day.

Julie Beaulieu

Notes:

WILES WHITE PAPER PROJECT NO. 5 - “D” Schultz Northern Michigan Family History


Charles Wachter, Jr.
Mackinac Island Fur Trader-Native American Roots Twice Verified by Daughters' DNA
...by Marie Rundquist and Richard Wiles

Mackinac Island on Lake Huron is central to the histories of North America's fur-trading industry in the the 18th and 19th centuries and the Wachter, Fraser, Fisher, and Farlinger (also known as Farling and McFarland) families of northern Michigan. On Mackinac Island, a 3.8 square mile spit of land located at the “tip of the mitten,” mid-way between Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas, the North American fur-trading industry found its nexus, and a culture, comprised of Canadian fur-traders and their Native American wives, had its beginnings.

At the root of this family genealogy and cultural heritage is grandmother “Nancy-Anne Fraser,” whose storied, Scottish surname evokes discussion of John Fraser, a founding partner in Canada's McTavish, Fraser and Co. -- chief suppliers and fur brokers for the legendary North West Company. According to Harry Duckworth, John Fraser had engaged in Canadian business affairs throughout his career, traveling between London and Canada to restore a failed financial position while under the firm of Fraser and Young. John's association with the North American fur-trading industry began in earnest in the early 1790s, when he was at the mid-point of his life, and the McTavish, Fraser and Company was founded 1.

Based in Montreal, Fraser's company engaged in commerce with Mackinac Island fur trading society 2, fostering the inter-dependency of the two regions: with Mackinac Island serving as a supplier of furs and Montreal acting as its agent and vital link to the markets of Europe 3. In addition to his wife, Jeanne McKenzie, and two daughters, Justina and Mary, John Fraser had three sons: James, John (whom he helped place on the board of supervisors of the amalgamation of fur-trading giants, the North West and Hudson Bay Companies), and another who became a priest. According to Duckworth, daughter Mary married an unrelated, “James Fraser of Belladrum 4.” Through his partnership with McTavish, Fraser, and Company, John Fraser had in his later years, re-gained his fortune, established a Fraser family legacy in the North American fur-trading business, and he died in 1825, at the age of eighty-three. 5

In the early 1790s, when the McTavish, Fraser and Company was gaining a foot-hold in the local fur-trading economy, “Nancy-Anne Fraser,” of unknown parentage, was born. According to her husband's military records, Nancy-Anne Fraser was a half-breed, a “Metis,” of Anishinaabe (Ottawa (ODAWA)- Chippewa (Ojibwa)) and European (Scottish) ancestry. The Metis culture on Mackinac Island was born of the Native American “country wives,” and the Canadian fur-traders they never “officially” married, but with whom they had first or second families. This kinship-centered, social structure, an integral component of the fur-traders' economic sphere, survived and thrived on Mackinac Island, despite the political struggles between the United States and Britain in the late 18th century 6.

Family genealogy has, that in 1814, Nancy-Anne Fraser married James Farlinger, a blacksmith born in Ontario; she and her husband began their family on the nearby Drummond Island, following the


James Wachter
settlement patterns of other fur-trading families who sought British protection after the War of 1812. Daughters Marie (born 1824), Josephee (Josette) (1815), Elizabeth (1817) and Nancy (1819), were of an age to have attended a Protestant mission school, established on Mackinac Island, for the purpose of educating Indian children, but whose students were mostly the offspring of fur traders and their Native American “country wives 7.” James Farlinger and Nancy Fraser divorced after 1824, and James Farlinger remarried a Lamorandiere. By the mid-1840s, all four daughters had left Drummond Island to marry and begin their own families.

The Farlinger daughters' choices of spouses and eventual life circumstances crossed political boundaries and cultures. Daughter Marie and husband Charles Wachter, whose family was part of a commercial, fishing enterprise, married on Mackinac Island, Michigan (1845), and remained close to home. Daughters Josephee (Josette) and Nancy followed the paths of other fur-trader families who moved to Canada with the British: Josephee (Josette) married husband Thaddeus Lamorandiere (1837), and Nancy married David McArthur (1838) at Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada. Daughter Elizabeth married into the Beaulieu fur-trading family, established for generations on the Great Lakes 8; she and husband Clement Hudon married in 1835, in St. Joseph, Michigan, an area that was historically sympathetic to the French 9. Daughters Elizabeth and Nancy died in Minnesota, on the White Earth Reservation, in 1903 and 1879, respectively, with Elizabeth's name appearing opposite a number on an Indian Roll, her origins described as “mixed blood.” Daughter Marie died in 1871 on Mackinac Island; her sister Josephee (Josette), died in 1890, in Saginaw, Michigan.

Fast-forward to the twenty-first century, where in 2006, the late-descendant of Nancy Farling combed the Internet, visiting family genealogy websites with a singular mission: to uncover the origins of her earliest recorded grandmother, Nancy-Anne Fraser, and a hidden family line. Long after her passing, her posts remain published on the Internet, her earlier questions, and replies received, offering a series of clues, that six years later, in 2012, Petoskey, Michigan historian, researcher Richard Wiles, followed, bread-crumb fashion, as he researched the Wachter et. al. family history. The late descendant left an especially significant clue for Richard to find, one that revealed Nancy-Anne Fraser's earliest roots – her haplogroup “A” (Native American) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) test results, which were published on a DNA project website next to the name of her earliest ancestor, “Nancy Fraser.” Of genealogical concern, the published haplogroup “A” mtDNA test results revealed the Native American ancestries of Nancy-Anne Fraser and her maternal-line descendant, now deceased.

After researching the haplogroup A mtDNA test results with Family Tree DNA representatives and the Administrator of the Amerindian Ancestry out of Acadia Project, Richard Wiles determined that to verify Nancy-Anne Fraser's Native American ancestry, he would need to locate another test participant. In search of a second candidate, he compiled the genealogies assessed for the Wachter et. al. family, referenced earlier in the article, tracing maternal-line ancestries from mother to mother, through each of Nancy-Anne Fraser's four daughters, and discovered a second, maternal-line descendant, who agreed to test.

At this point, it is critical to recapitulate the maternal line genealogies of the two candidates: the first candidate, now deceased, descended from Nancy-Anne Fraser through daughter Nancy (Farling), who died on a reservation. The second candidate, discovered through genealogy research, descended from Nancy-Anne Fraser through daughter Marie (Farling), who died on Mackinac Island. For researcher Richard Wiles to verify the accuracy of the compared genealogies, and the Native American ancestry of Nancy-Anne Fraser, the two candidates' mtDNA test results must match!

After several weeks, the second candidate's mtDNA test results were returned: a match had been found between the first and second set of mtDNA test results. The original haplogroup A mtDNA finding received by the first candidate, the late descendant of Nancy (Farling), had resolved to the subgroup “A2i,” as the second candidate, a descendant of Marie (Farling), had completed the full mitochondrial sequence DNA test.

For the Wachter et. al. family, the discovery of a Native American ancestry, twice-verified by matching haplogroup A / A2i mtDNA test results, revealed the family's historic, Native American – fur trader legacy. As a result of Richard Wiles' persistence in locating a second descendant, and pursuing further mtDNA tests, an esteemed, Native American 10, Mackinac Island cultural heritage that had been destroyed by physical isolation, politics, and prejudice has been recovered for the Wachter, Fisher, Fraser, and Farling families.

Richard Wiles invites others who link to this family to email him directly at wiles.ra.t@att.net for further information, comments, and questions and posts the following maternal family lines with the families' permission:

Line 1:

Unknown Ojibwe / Chippewa Woman m. ? Fraser
Nancy-Anne Fraser m. James Farlinger, 1814
Marie Farlinger m. Charles Wachter, 1845, Mackinac Island (Michigan, USA)
Elsie Elizabeth Wachter m. Jeremiah Fisher, 1870, Cheboygan (Michigan, USA)

Line 2:

Unknown Ojibwe / Chippewa Woman m. ? Fraser
Nancy-Anne Fraser m. James Farlinger, 1814
Nancy Farlinger m. David McArthur, 1838, Penetanguishene (Ontario, Canada)
Nancy Jane McArthur m. Thomas Billings Adams ?

For questions about the Amerindian Ancestry out of Acadia Family Tree DNA project, email the Project Administrator at mrundqui@shentel.net. To view project test results, visit http://www.familytreedna.com/public/AcadianAmerIndian/default.aspx?/publicwebsite.aspx
Copyright 2012

__________________________________________________________________________
1. Jennifer S. H. Brown, W. J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, eds. The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of the Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991. East Lansing and Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press/Mackinac State Historic Parks, 1994. pp. 39-50.
2. Ibid, 311.
3. Ibid., 310.
4. Ibid., 47, 56, n. 54
5. Ibid., 39-50.
6. Ibid., pp. 161-164, 310.
7. Ibid, 319. In Keith R. Widder's Battle for the Soul, Metis Children Encounter Evangelical Protestants at Mackinaw Mission, 1823-1837, the names of Elizabeth Farling (age 10), Nancy Farling (age 7), of Drummond Island, are listed in an appendix as attending in the year 1827. Both were described as "1/4 Chippaway."
8. Ibid., 199.
9. Ibid., pp. 306, 307.
10. Wyckoff, Larry M. 1836 Mixed-Blood Census Register, Ottawas and Chippewas of Michigan, Treaty of March 28, 1836,
includes a record of claimant Elizabeth Farling, listed her status as "admitted" and the amount of awarded monies: "486 Elizabeth Farling 3 19 Mackinac 9 1/4 Chippewa Admitted $95.14 To be retained Does not live with parents."

James married FRASER Nancy-Anne in 1814 in Canada. Nancy-Anne (daughter of FRASER James and CHIPPEWA Ottawa) was born in 1790 in Drummond Island, Chippewa Co., MI. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

WILES WHITE PAPER PROJECT NO. 5 - “D” Schultz Northern Michigan Family History


Charles Wachter, Jr.
Mackinac Island Fur Trader-Native American Roots Twice Verified by Daughters' DNA
...by Marie Rundquist and Richard Wiles

Mackinac Island on Lake Huron is central to the histories of North America's fur-trading industry in the the 18th and 19th centuries and the Wachter, Fraser, Fisher, and Farlinger (also known as Farling and McFarland) families of northern Michigan. On Mackinac Island, a 3.8 square mile spit of land located at the “tip of the mitten,” mid-way between Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas, the North American fur-trading industry found its nexus, and a culture, comprised of Canadian fur-traders and their Native American wives, had its beginnings.

At the root of this family genealogy and cultural heritage is grandmother “Nancy-Anne Fraser,” whose storied, Scottish surname evokes discussion of John Fraser, a founding partner in Canada's McTavish, Fraser and Co. -- chief suppliers and fur brokers for the legendary North West Company. According to Harry Duckworth, John Fraser had engaged in Canadian business affairs throughout his career, traveling between London and Canada to restore a failed financial position while under the firm of Fraser and Young. John's association with the North American fur-trading industry began in earnest in the early 1790s, when he was at the mid-point of his life, and the McTavish, Fraser and Company was founded 1.

Based in Montreal, Fraser's company engaged in commerce with Mackinac Island fur trading society 2, fostering the inter-dependency of the two regions: with Mackinac Island serving as a supplier of furs and Montreal acting as its agent and vital link to the markets of Europe 3. In addition to his wife, Jeanne McKenzie, and two daughters, Justina and Mary, John Fraser had three sons: James, John (whom he helped place on the board of supervisors of the amalgamation of fur-trading giants, the North West and Hudson Bay Companies), and another who became a priest. According to Duckworth, daughter Mary married an unrelated, “James Fraser of Belladrum 4.” Through his partnership with McTavish, Fraser, and Company, John Fraser had in his later years, re-gained his fortune, established a Fraser family legacy in the North American fur-trading business, and he died in 1825, at the age of eighty-three. 5

In the early 1790s, when the McTavish, Fraser and Company was gaining a foot-hold in the local fur-trading economy, “Nancy-Anne Fraser,” of unknown parentage, was born. According to her husband's military records, Nancy-Anne Fraser was a half-breed, a “Metis,” of Anishinaabe (Ottawa (ODAWA)- Chippewa (Ojibwa)) and European (Scottish) ancestry. The Metis culture on Mackinac Island was born of the Native American “country wives,” and the Canadian fur-traders they never “officially” married, but with whom they had first or second families. This kinship-centered, social structure, an integral component of the fur-traders' economic sphere, survived and thrived on Mackinac Island, despite the political struggles between the United States and Britain in the late 18th century 6.

Family genealogy has, that in 1814, Nancy-Anne Fraser married James Farlinger, a blacksmith born in Ontario; she and her husband began their family on the nearby Drummond Island, following the


James Wachter
settlement patterns of other fur-trading families who sought British protection after the War of 1812. Daughters Marie (born 1824), Josephee (Josette) (1815), Elizabeth (1817) and Nancy (1819), were of an age to have attended a Protestant mission school, established on Mackinac Island, for the purpose of educating Indian children, but whose students were mostly the offspring of fur traders and their Native American “country wives 7.” James Farlinger and Nancy Fraser divorced after 1824, and James Farlinger remarried a Lamorandiere. By the mid-1840s, all four daughters had left Drummond Island to marry and begin their own families.

The Farlinger daughters' choices of spouses and eventual life circumstances crossed political boundaries and cultures. Daughter Marie and husband Charles Wachter, whose family was part of a commercial, fishing enterprise, married on Mackinac Island, Michigan (1845), and remained close to home. Daughters Josephee (Josette) and Nancy followed the paths of other fur-trader families who moved to Canada with the British: Josephee (Josette) married husband Thaddeus Lamorandiere (1837), and Nancy married David McArthur (1838) at Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada. Daughter Elizabeth married into the Beaulieu fur-trading family, established for generations on the Great Lakes 8; she and husband Clement Hudon married in 1835, in St. Joseph, Michigan, an area that was historically sympathetic to the French 9. Daughters Elizabeth and Nancy died in Minnesota, on the White Earth Reservation, in 1903 and 1879, respectively, with Elizabeth's name appearing opposite a number on an Indian Roll, her origins described as “mixed blood.” Daughter Marie died in 1871 on Mackinac Island; her sister Josephee (Josette), died in 1890, in Saginaw, Michigan.

Fast-forward to the twenty-first century, where in 2006, the late-descendant of Nancy Farling combed the Internet, visiting family genealogy websites with a singular mission: to uncover the origins of her earliest recorded grandmother, Nancy-Anne Fraser, and a hidden family line. Long after her passing, her posts remain published on the Internet, her earlier questions, and replies received, offering a series of clues, that six years later, in 2012, Petoskey, Michigan historian, researcher Richard Wiles, followed, bread-crumb fashion, as he researched the Wachter et. al. family history. The late descendant left an especially significant clue for Richard to find, one that revealed Nancy-Anne Fraser's earliest roots – her haplogroup “A” (Native American) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) test results, which were published on a DNA project website next to the name of her earliest ancestor, “Nancy Fraser.” Of genealogical concern, the published haplogroup “A” mtDNA test results revealed the Native American ancestries of Nancy-Anne Fraser and her maternal-line descendant, now deceased.

After researching the haplogroup A mtDNA test results with Family Tree DNA representatives and the Administrator of the Amerindian Ancestry out of Acadia Project, Richard Wiles determined that to verify Nancy-Anne Fraser's Native American ancestry, he would need to locate another test participant. In search of a second candidate, he compiled the genealogies assessed for the Wachter et. al. family, referenced earlier in the article, tracing maternal-line ancestries from mother to mother, through each of Nancy-Anne Fraser's four daughters, and discovered a second, maternal-line descendant, who agreed to test.

At this point, it is critical to recapitulate the maternal line genealogies of the two candidates: the first candidate, now deceased, descended from Nancy-Anne Fraser through daughter Nancy (Farling), who died on a reservation. The second candidate, discovered through genealogy research, descended from Nancy-Anne Fraser through daughter Marie (Farling), who died on Mackinac Island. For researcher Richard Wiles to verify the accuracy of the compared genealogies, and the Native American ancestry of Nancy-Anne Fraser, the two candidates' mtDNA test results must match!

After several weeks, the second candidate's mtDNA test results were returned: a match had been found between the first and second set of mtDNA test results. The original haplogroup A mtDNA finding received by the first candidate, the late descendant of Nancy (Farling), had resolved to the subgroup “A2i,” as the second candidate, a descendant of Marie (Farling), had completed the full mitochondrial sequence DNA test.

For the Wachter et. al. family, the discovery of a Native American ancestry, twice-verified by matching haplogroup A / A2i mtDNA test results, revealed the family's historic, Native American – fur trader legacy. As a result of Richard Wiles' persistence in locating a second descendant, and pursuing further mtDNA tests, an esteemed, Native American 10, Mackinac Island cultural heritage that had been destroyed by physical isolation, politics, and prejudice has been recovered for the Wachter, Fisher, Fraser, and Farling families.

Richard Wiles invites others who link to this family to email him directly at wiles.ra.t@att.net for further information, comments, and questions and posts the following maternal family lines with the families' permission:

Line 1:

Unknown Ojibwe / Chippewa Woman m. ? Fraser
Nancy-Anne Fraser m. James Farlinger, 1814
Marie Farlinger m. Charles Wachter, 1845, Mackinac Island (Michigan, USA)
Elsie Elizabeth Wachter m. Jeremiah Fisher, 1870, Cheboygan (Michigan, USA)

Line 2:

Unknown Ojibwe / Chippewa Woman m. ? Fraser
Nancy-Anne Fraser m. James Farlinger, 1814
Nancy Farlinger m. David McArthur, 1838, Penetanguishene (Ontario, Canada)
Nancy Jane McArthur m. Thomas Billings Adams ?

For questions about the Amerindian Ancestry out of Acadia Family Tree DNA project, email the Project Administrator at mrundqui@shentel.net. To view project test results, visit http://www.familytreedna.com/public/AcadianAmerIndian/default.aspx?/publicwebsite.aspx
Copyright 2012

__________________________________________________________________________
1. Jennifer S. H. Brown, W. J. Eccles, and Donald P. Heldman, eds. The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of the Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991. East Lansing and Mackinac Island: Michigan State University Press/Mackinac State Historic Parks, 1994. pp. 39-50.
2. Ibid, 311.
3. Ibid., 310.
4. Ibid., 47, 56, n. 54
5. Ibid., 39-50.
6. Ibid., pp. 161-164, 310.
7. Ibid, 319. In Keith R. Widder's Battle for the Soul, Metis Children Encounter Evangelical Protestants at Mackinaw Mission, 1823-1837, the names of Elizabeth Farling (age 10), Nancy Farling (age 7), of Drummond Island, are listed in an appendix as attending in the year 1827. Both were described as "1/4 Chippaway."
8. Ibid., 199.
9. Ibid., pp. 306, 307.
10. Wyckoff, Larry M. 1836 Mixed-Blood Census Register, Ottawas and Chippewas of Michigan, Treaty of March 28, 1836,
includes a record of claimant Elizabeth Farling, listed her status as "admitted" and the amount of awarded monies: "486 Elizabeth Farling 3 19 Mackinac 9 1/4 Chippewa Admitted $95.14 To be retained Does not live with parents."


Subject: NANCY FRASER Ottaw-Chippewa maternal ----mtDNA results are in from Family Tree DNA


Family Tree DNA results concerning Ottawa-Chippewa Maternal Native Bloodline of NANCY/ANN NACY FRASER of Drummond Island + (James Fraser-Scottish fur trader of Mackinac Island) @ 1800


the 9-15-2012 Ginny Morris-Chamberlin mtDNA results
Kit No. 237646
&
the 2005 Georgianne Wakeham mtDNA results

Kit No. 37008

both show:

HAPLOGROUP A subclave A2i
HVR1 Mutations 16111T
16223T 16290T 16319A 16325C
16362T
16519C

Georgianne is 6th generation maternal descendant of NANCY FARLING -daughter of Ann Nancy Fraser and James Farling---------Nancy Ann was product of Scottish fur trader and Native Drummond Island (Mackinac Island-Michigan)woman

Ginny Morris-Chamberlin is 6th generation maternal descendant of MARIE FARLING-daughter of Ann Nancy Fraser and James Farling

Nancy Farling and Marie Farling are sisters!

Richard A.Wiles-petoskey, michigan
wiles.ra.t@att.net