 Abt 0862 - 0900 (38 years)
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| Name |
MACALPIN Domnall mac Causantín |
| Birth |
Abt 0862 |
Fifeshire  |
| Gender |
Male |
| Death |
0900 |
Forres, Morayshire, Scotland |
| Notes |
- ”Domnall mac Ailpin," "Domnall son of Constantine king of Scotland," "Domnall of the ruddy countenance," "Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim," "Domnall, the Madman," "Domnall Dasachtach mac Custantin," "Donald mac Constantine," "Donivaldus filius Constantini," "Duneval filius Constantini," "ri Albain"
House of Alpin
Clann Chausantan (Northern Branch)
Alpinid Dynasty (Clann Chausantan and Clann Áeda)
From about 889, the kingship of Alba (Scotland) rotated between the descendants of Kenneth I (Cináed), King of the Picts and Scots. The children of his two sons, Constantine I, King of the Picts (Clann Chausantan) and Aedh, King of the Picts (Clann Áeda) formed competing branches of the Alpinid Dynasty, Clann Chausantan and Clann Áeda. This practice was probably intended to avoid monopoly of the monarchy by one clan, and it may have originated in the earlier Kingdom of the Picts. [1] However, succession would later become more intensely competitive and eventually violent. [2]
Birth
Domnall mac Causantín was born about 862 (see Research Notes), the son of Constantine I, King of the Picts and an unknown wife. [3][4][5]
Children of Donald and Unknown Wife
"The name of Donald's wife is not known. Donald & his wife had [two] children..." [4]
Eugene, "His name is not typical of the period. His existence should be treated with caution.” [6]
Máel Coluim MacDomnall MacAlpin, 942, succeeded as Malcolm I, King of Scots; 954, assassinated by his own people, the men of Moray, in Fetteresso [Fodresach] in Claideom, or Ulum (Vlurn), and buried on the Isle of Iona. Iona. [4][7][8]
Donald II, King of Scots
He succeeded his cousin in 889 as Donald II, King of Scots, reigned for eleven years, [5][9] and defeated the Danes in the battle of Innisibsolian (Seil in Argyll).[4][9][10]
Donivaldus filius Constantini tenuit regnum xi annos. Normanni tunc vastverent Pictaviam. In hujus regno belum est factum Innisibsolian , inter Danarios et Scottos: Scotti habuerunt victoriam. Opidum Fother occidum est a gentibus. (Donivaldus son of Constantine held the kingdom for 11 years. The Normans then ravaged Pictavia. In this kingdom a battle took place between the Danes and the Scots: the Scots had the victory. [In] The city of Fother [he] was killed by the Gentiles.) - The Pictish Chronicle. [11]
Despite other minor conflicts, Donald II benefited from a period free of "serious Viking attack" from 877 to his death in 900. This opportunity to address waning Scot influence in the unstable areas of Northumbria, Deira, and Bernicia, led to competition with the Danes of York. However, an uneasy, but strategic, alliance with the Norse kings of Dublin enabled Donald II to establish Scots as "the dominant political and cultural group in northern Britain." [12] He annexed Strathclyde and expelled its king, Eochaid son of Rhun, in 899, [13] which accelerated the migration of many Cumbrians, who were already fleeing advancing Norse settlement "down the Irish Sea" to Gwynedd. [14]
Death
Donald II, King of Scots was killed by Vikings in 900 in Forres [15] or Dunnottar and was buried on the Isle of Iona. [16][4][5][17][9] Alternatively, "according to Fordun, at Forres, [he died] not in battle but from infirmity, brought on by his labour in reducing the highland robber tribes..." [18]
He was succeeded by his cousin, Constantine II, King of Scots. [19]
Research Notes
Birth Estimate: "Domnall II was son of Causantin I, and hence took kingship in 889 for the senior line; he was probably a young man, leaving only children at his death in 900" [20] The unsourced estimate of birth in 862 would make him 38 years old at his death in 900; still,"a young man" and therefore not an unlikely estimate.
Biography (Swedish)
Donald II (Domnall mac Causantín, død 900) var konge av Skottland fra 889 til sin død. Han var sønn av Konstantin I, nevø av Aedh og fetter av Eochaid. Donald tok tronen med makt som en hevnhandling. Kong Giric, som hersket sammen med forgjengeren Eochaid, hadde myrdet onkelen Aedh i 878. Da Giric døde drev Donald sin fetter ut av landet, og tok tronen selv.[citation needed]
Under Donald II kom kongedømmet Strathclyde under skotsk overhøyhet. Ulsterannalene gikk dermed over til å snakke om ri Alban, Albas konge, i stedet for rex pictorum, pikternes konge, som hadde vært tittelen til forgjengerne. Danene fortsatte å invadere Skottland, først og fremst for å ta kontroll over områder i grenseområdet mellom Skottland og de angelsaksiske rikene. Danene erobret også det nordlige Skottland. På toppen av kampen mot danene måtte Donald II også forsøke å tøyle banditter i høylandet.[citation needed]
Detaljene omkring hans død er obskure og usikre. Ifølge en historie ble han drept ved Dunottar mens skottene slo tilbake en dansk invasjon. Men ifølge en annen historie døde han en naturlig død fordi hans helse hadde blitt svekket under stridene i høylandet. Han ble gravlagt på Iona, hvor også kongene av Dalriada og de tidligste skotske kongene ble stedt til hvile. Donald II ble etterfulgt av fetteren Konstantin II. Hans sønn ble senere kronet som Malcolm I.[citation needed]
Alamänna hänvisningar:[citation needed]
Kung av skottarna ( från 889) , son till Konstantin I och efterträdare till Eochaid och Giric (regerade 878-889 ). Hans regeringstid sammanföll med förnyad invasioner av danskarna , som kom mindre att plundra och mer för att ockupera mark som gränsar Skottland och anglosaxiska rikena . Han var också inblandad i arbetet med att minska höglandet rånaren stammarna. Genom ett konto han dräptes vid Dunnottar , träffa en dansk invasion , av en annan att han dog av funktionshinder som beror på den hans fälttåg mot Highlanders . Han efterträddes av sin kusin Konstantin II.
Noterade händelser i hans liv var:
• anslutit sig : King of skottarna , 889.
Sources
↑ Woolf, Alex. From Pictland to Alba, AD 789-AD 1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008), 223-224.
↑ Lynch, Michael, editor. The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. “Kingship.” (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011), 360-362. [Kindle].
↑ Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. (Edinburgh: D. Douglas, 1899), 280.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Cawley, Charles Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), citing, "Pictish Chronicle Cronica de Origine Antiquorum Pictorum, Synchronisms of Flann Mainistreach, Cronica Regum Scottorum, Chronicle of John of Fordun, Annals of Ulster, and Chronicle of the Scots and Picts."chap. 1, Kenneth 1. Constantine a) Donald.
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Duncan, A A M. Kingship of the Scots, A.D.842-1292: Succession and Independence. (Edinburgh Classic Editions). Kindle edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2002). p. 40. [Kindle].
↑ Cawley, Charles Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), citing, "Constantine son of Heth the Wing-footed" granted "the lordship of the region of Cumbria" to "Eugenius the son of Donald his expected next heir" in "the sixteenth year of his reign" (916/20) “No reference to him as been found in any other primary source. His name is not typical of the period. His existence should be treated with caution.” chap. 1, Kenneth 1. Constantine a) Donald.
↑ Anderson, Allan Orr. Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500 to 1286. (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1922), [Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland, Version D; Skene's Picts and Scots, p. 151], 453.
↑ Anderson, Allan Orr. Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500 to 1286. [943-954, Prose and Verse Chronicles inserted in the Chronicle of Melrose, pp. 29, 225, s.a. 943], 453.
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Woolf, Alex. From Pictland to Alba, AD 789-AD 1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008), 122.
↑ Downham, Clare, Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Kindle edition, (Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 2007), loc. 3766, citing, "A battle was won by the people of Alba over vikings at Innisibsolian, identified by Hudson as the island of Seil in Argyll." [Kindle]
↑ Skene, William Forbes. Chronicles of the Picts, chronicles of the Scots, and other early memorials of Scottish history. (Edinburgh: H. M. General register house, 1867) Skene, William Forbes. “Chronicles of the Picts, chronicles of the Scots, and other early memorials of Scottish history.” (Edinburgh: H. M. General register house, 1867) 9.
↑ Smyth, Alfred P., Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD80-1000, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1984), 193.
↑ Clarkson, Tim, The Makers of Scotland; Picts, Roman, Gaels and Vikings, (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2013), 181.
↑ Smyth, Alfred P., Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD80-1000, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1984), 218-219.
↑ The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England, Baldwin, Stewart, ed., Farmerie, Todd, ed., Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth I, (Online https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/, 2001), Domnall mac Causantín (Donald II)
↑ Skene, William Forbes. Chronicles of the Picts, chronicles of the Scots, and other early memorials of Scottish history. (Edinburgh: H. M. General register house, 1867, 151.
↑ Smyth, Alfred P., Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD80-1000, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Mason, Roger, gen. ed. (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1984), 187.
↑ Mackay, A. J. G.. DONALD VI (d 900) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. (United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2004), citing, "According to the narrative of ‘The Wars of the Gaedhill with the Gael’ (TODD'S edit. p. 29) a later attack, led by Sitric, son of Imhair, came further south, defeated the Scots, and (SKENE, i. 338) slew Donald at Dun-fother (Dunottar) in Kincardine. But the Ulster annals, as well as the earliest Scottish historians, ignore this invasion, and record the death of Donald about 900, according to Fordun, at Forres, not in battle but from infirmity, brought on by his labour in reducing the highland robber tribes...," DONALD VI. [Subscription].
↑ Lynch, Michael, editor, Kingship, The Oxford Companion to Scottish History, (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001), 360.
↑ Duncan, A A M. Kingship of the Scots, A.D.842-1292: Succession and Independence. (Edinburgh Classic Editions). Kindle edition. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002), 40. [Kindle].
See also:
Anderson, Allan Orr. Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500 to 1286. (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1922). Volume 1.
Anderson, Marjorie O[gilvie]. Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. (Edinburgh: Berlinn, 1973), 72, 193, 197, 251, 254, 256, 263, 274, 283, 288, 290.
Cawley, Charles Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families. Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (2006), Chapter 1. ORIGINS, KINGS of SCOTLAND 834-1034.
Goodey, Emma. Donald II (r. 889-900). The Royal Family. London: The Royal Household (2016). Donald II (r. 889-900).
Ó Corráin, Professor Donnchadh; Morgan, Dr Hiram, CELT; Corpus of Electronic Texts, (Cork, Ireland: University College, 2023), Index.
Weir, Alison, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, (London: Vintage Books 2008), 169. [Kindle].
Wikipedia contributors. Donald II of Scotland. (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), Donald II of Scotland
Wikipedia contributors. House of Alpin. (Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), House of Alpin
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| Person ID |
I59232 |
Freeman-Smith |
| Last Modified |
27 Jan 2026 |
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